The traditional society, which shares a limited experience in external forces, is faced with an instant change from the Europeans who invade their land and take total control of its social, economic, political, and religious affairs. ( Log Out /  Pre-colonial Nigeria societies and the colonial Nigeria era witnessed a safer environmental living condition better than the post colonial era. 2002. http://www.nawey.net/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/05/Feminism-in-Nigeria.pdf. 1906: 1 May: Colonial Office amalgamates Lagos Colony with Southern Nigeria Protectorate. Home / Business / COLONIAL AND PRE-COLONIAL ERA IN NIGERIA. : 73727. Tweet . Post colonial Nigeria implemented research facilities, policies and programs to help aid the advancement Roles of Males in Pre-Colonial Nigeria . The early birds AKA our ancestors of the pre-colonial era, were known to have settled in territories in what is today called Nigeria about 13,000 years ago. The history of the territories which since ca. This era of Nigerian history began with the independence of Nigeria in 1960. In sourcing material it became evident how little documented the post-colonial period has been, in contrast to the 1950s when the modern architecture in the British colonies of West Africa was relatively well covered by the Western media. “Money, Marriage, And Masculinity On The Colonial Nigerian Railway” in Men and Masculinities in Modern Africa. post-colonial synonyms, post-colonial pronunciation, post-colonial translation, English dictionary definition of post-colonial. 138. The political landscape of the first and second Nigerian republics since independence has largely been characterized by chaos, military rule, and the reoccurring theme of ethno-religious or ethno-regional patronage. Rather than simply organizing a chronological analysis of post-colonial Nigeria, it is more helpful to identify key themes of the “Gatekeeper state” in relation to the historical backdrop of the country and several key events in the late 20th century (Cooper 2002, 173-174). Disputes between political opponents were settled by coup d’etat or coup attempts multiple times over the next fifty years. I have much to be thankful for as a person of privilege in Nigeria. Colonial era (1914–1960) The Constitution of Nigeria is the supreme law of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. This can be observed in the overthrow of Balewa by Igbo General Ironsi, and the overthrow by, and reoccurring rule of, northerner Yukubu Gowon (Ibid). Portsmith: Heinemann. Additionally, this section explores an overview of political activity–both leaders and trends—from 1960 until present day. (World Economic Forum Report on The Global Gender Gap, 2012, 278). 4 Shares. Nigeria is one of the commonwealth countries which were former British colonies ruled by the British government. They believed in one God, but he also had a lot of spirits (Alusi). Nigeria is a country which consists of a lot of tribes. After gaining the independence in 1959, Nigeria ( Log Out /  This section is organized to explain the immediate challenges after independence, particularly those which arose as a result of ethno-linguistic, ethno-religious or regional identity. Britain eventually gained control of Nigerian administration. Key Events, Characteristics and themes of postcolonial Nigeria. “Anti-Corruption Climate Change: It started in Nigeria,” UNODC. Changes have resulted in three revised editions of the national educational policy. They need to have a strong honor and respect. Upon independence, the indirect-rule colonial apparatus diminished into a multitude of varying political structures, of which were very difficult to combine in one nationally unified democratic system. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Nigeria - Nigeria - Nigeria as a colony: After the British government assumed direct control of the Royal Niger Company’s territories, the northern areas were renamed the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria, and the land in the Niger delta and along the lower reaches of the river was added to the Niger Coast Protectorate, which was renamed the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. While this provided a rapid boom in the Nigerian economy, sustainable economic benefit from oil exports namely applied to a narrow elite and destroyed the diverse variety of exports and presence of sustenance agriculture for the people (Cooper,2002 173).Due to the non-intensive nature of oil extraction labor, profits went to MNC’s controlling drills while poverty and pollution were the main manifestations in the local oil economy (Cooper, 2002 172). Creating Enabling Environments for Small and Medium Enterprises to Contribute to Nigerian Development. 1960 - Nigeria gains independence . Nigeria today, likes its historical antecedents, is marred by a perverse, multifaceted and ferocious web of ethno-tribal identity politics. At that time many scholars believed that Nigeria was able to develop into a stable and fast-growing state due to its huge potential. Post Colonialism In Nigeria Economy Culture Continued Changes Since Independence Culture Diverse religion amongst the population Muslim (50%) Christian (40%) Traditional African Religion (10%) Some large parts of Nigerian culture are: Music Art Film Cuisine Literature Reduced The blog then moves on to discuss the economic successes and challenges through the discussion of resources (particularly oil) produced or extracted in the 1970’s. In the colonial era the British educational policy did not address the aspirations of the people leading to a clamour for change in the post-independence era resulting in the first indigenous National Policy on Education in 1977. The traditional society, which shares a limited experience in external forces, is faced with an instant change from the Europeans who invade their land and take total control of its social, economic, political, and religious affairs. British influence in the region began with the prohibition of slave trade to British subjects in 1807. Read More » Crime History. Post-Colonial Era of Nigerian History This era of Nigerian history began with the independence of Nigeria in 1960. Changes A series of unfortunate political and economic events have stalled Nigerian growth. Prezi. Abdul, Mariam, Olayinka Adeleke, Alajumoke Adeyeye, Adenike Babalola, Emilia Eyo, Maryam Tauhida Ibrahim, Monica Voke-Ighorodje, Martha Onose. Did you know that the name “Nigeria” was created by a British journalist? Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Cost of Governance in Nigeria: In Whose Interest? Religious and ethnic nationalism has led to conflicts about control of state power, unequal allocation of resources, citizenship issues, state collapse, economic decline and ethno-religious clashes. 0. While this wasn’t an officially recognized form of rule, the collaboration Islamic leaders had with the Northern People’s Congress created an overlap between religious rule and institutionalized political rule (Ibid, 172). Word+PDF-Datei. Define post-colonial. The legacy of the colonial states and divisions, in the development of a post-colonial Nigeria, leave even members of the three main ethnic majorities reeling from issues of ethnic and religious identity, many seeking to reinvent their historical underpinnings as valid as well as to be recognized by the larger body in the political process. Interrogating these influences with the ideas of post-colonialism, the works of Jessica Hemmings, Yinka Shonibare and Grayson Perry are analysed in … In precolonial Nigeria, males were seen as the stronger sex. Colonial Nigeria was the era in the History of Nigeria when the region of West Africa was ruled by the United Kingdom from the mid-nineteenth century until 1960 when Nigeria achieved independence. Group Identities: Colonial Constructions or Founded in Pre-colonial Relationships? Big Naija independence: Nigerian women from pre and post-colonial era and their contributions. 2011. Post-Colonial Africa: The African Union {Introduction} 24 ELIAS, T. O., (1956). Five strategies to maximize your sales kickoff; Jan. 26, 2021 British influence in the region began with the prohibition of slave trade to British subjects in 1807. post -colonial Nigerian state and explores the logic of colonial legacy to demonstrate re-occurring developmental failures attributed to inability to interrogate the status quo by doing three things. Women were particularly visible in the struggles for suffrage, against Multinational Oil Companies, against Military Occupation of Ogoni lands, and the recent struggle for adequate political representation (Ibid, 7-11). In other words, different types of state systems and societies existed. Hundreds of languages are spoken in the country, including Yoruba, Igbo, Fula, Hausa, Edo, Ibibio, Tiv, and English. Figure 4 http://upload.wikimedia/commons/e/ec/Balewa.jpg. Postcolonialism, the historical period or state of affairs representing the aftermath of Western colonialism; the term can also be used to describe the concurrent project to reclaim and rethink the history and agency of people subordinated under various forms of imperialism. Encyclopedia of Africa South of the Sahara, vol.3. Nigeria has had a series of constitutions. In the seldom breaks of military junta, the constitution was revised changing the parliamentary system into a presidential system (and alleged regionally-rotating system), though the vast majority of Nigeria’s political leadership is characterized by military leadership or dysfunctional pseudo-democracy (Falola 1997, 313-314). ABSTRACT Religious experience has a gradual and progressive development in the history of a race, nation and society. Some Nigerians were given the chance to take part in the governance of the country, however, they held powers that were either too small or completely irrelevant. A lot of people might disagree that colonialism had any positive impact on Nigeria, but Nigeria would not even have its name without colonialism. Examples of this can be witnessed in both fiction, such as Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart (1968), but also nonfiction such as Lisa Lindsay’s “Money Marriage and Masculinity On The Nigerian Railway (2003). PRIVATIZATION OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES: WHICH WAY NIGERIA? post-colonial era in Nigeria till date. Share 4. It is commonly believed that human rights violations in Nigeria have colonial roots. More than2,000 years ago , the Nok culture in the present plateau state workd iron an produced sophisticated terra cotta sculpture . 1900 have been known under the name of Nigeria during the pre-colonial period (16th to 18th centuries) was dominated by a number of powerful West African kingdoms or empires, such as the Edo Benin Empire and the Islamic Kanim Borno Empire in the north and west, and the Igbo kingdom of Onitsha in the southeast and various Hausa-Fulani kingdoms. While this program had a slow start, Nigerian compulsory basic education became an exemplary model for other states. These events demonstrate how ethno-religious and regional identity, political volatility and geo-political economic influences, combine to form the reoccurring and complex themes that characterize the first fifty-three years of Nigerian Independence. British influence in the Niger area increased gradually over the 19th century, but Britain did not … Lindsay, Lisa. The current constitution was enacted on 29 May 1999, inaugurating the Nigerian Fourth Republic. The Feminist Movement in Postcolonial Nigeria has its foundations in the unequal power relations and disproportionate distributions of women’s privileges and rights throughout the pre-colonial, colonial and postcolonial eras (Abdul, 2011, 5). Hausmann, Ricardo, Laura D. Tyson, Saadia Zahidi. Premiumkunden -50 % i. Premiumkunden -50 %. While colonialism solidified a culture and system of patriarchy, feminist’s struggles occurred in various forms in all parts of modern-day Nigeria during the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial eras (Abdul, 2011, 6). Some of the adjectives used to describe the current state of the Nigerian economy include some of these – middle-income, emerging and mixed economy. The period of the colonial administration in Nigeria, 1861-1960, was punctuated by rather an ad hoc attention to agricultural development. As seen in the image below, the gender gap is minimal in the category of health and survival as Nigerian life expectancy is equal between both genders (Ibid). € 2,99. While colonialism solidified a culture and system of patriarchy, feminist’s struggles occurred in various forms in all parts of modern-day Nigeria during the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial eras (Abdul, 2011, 6). Portsmith:  Heinemann Education Books. Interview with Humphrey Nwosu- How the June 12, 1993 Presidential Election Was Annuled. The English move into the land of the Igbo followed shortly thereafter, covering the period from 1889-1914. While Nigeria remains the poorest oil-exporter, the country still experiences the political devastation from oil presence, most grotesquely witnessed during the Biafran/ Nigerian Civil war and the execution of anti-Shell activist Ken Saro Wiwa in 1995 (Cooper, 2002 174). After independence, the Nigerian economy seemed very promising. These accomplishments are essential, however, Nigeria ranks 110 out of 135 in gender equality by the World Economic Forum (Ibid, 278). to interrogate the post- colonial Nigeria in relation to economic development. 2013. 1979. The country got her political independence on 1 st October, 1960 from the British Colonial master 1 . This strategy to alleviate poverty and ignorance eventually developed into a complex education system comprising universal basic education (nine years) with secondary and higher education system in each of Nigeria’s twelve regions, creating educational and economic opportunity and effectively diffusing points of ethnicized tension (Cooper, 2002, 173). The main characteristic of this religion is a monotheistic attribute. Agriculture Pre-Colonial v. Post-Colonial Nigeria Sergio Wendy Keyshawn Post Colonial Nigeria Agriculture was highly regarded because it assured the people a supply of food. As reported by the Nawey Nigerian Group, these organizations operated both in collaboration with and autonomous from other political organizations to work on issues such as “sexual and reproductive rights, rape, the environment, domestic abuse, political marginalization, early child marriage and the misapplication of the Shariah Law in some parts of the North against women’s interests” (Ibid, 10). In attempt to emphasize the colonial exaggeration of the north/south regional divide, this section does not bifurcate post-colonial history as doing so would further dichotomize and stigmatize the multicultural quality of the nation. “Analysis of the History, Organizations and Challenges of Feminism in Nigeria.” Nawey Nigerian Group. In the North, rule by the Islamic elite remained a structure through which individuals were ruled during the colonial and postcolonial period (Cooper, 2003, 171-172). Today, Africa is laced with some of the most obstinate conflicts, most of them constructed from differences in religious and ethnic identities. Teslim Opemipo Omipidan. Nigeria’s volatile political landscape was exacerbated by the presence of Oil in the Niger Delta. The objective of this paper is to examine the challenges of Pentecostal churches on the Mainline and African Independent Churches (Aladura) in Ilorin metropolis in the Post-colonial era in Nigeria. ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN AFRICA: EXPLORING THE COVENANT UNIVERSITY BUSINESS MODEL, Determinants of the Future of Vision 10:2022 of Covenant University, Nigeria, Managing Employees in Higher Education Transformation: Exploring the Goal of Vision 10: 2022 of Covenant University, Nigeria, Electronic Mediated Administration and Public Service Delivery in Nigeria, Ph.D Thesis: STAFF RECRUITMENT, RETENTION STRATEGIES AND PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS IN NIGERIA, Forms of Political Administrative Systems, EGovernance:StrategyforMitigatingNon InclusionofCitizensinPolicyMakinginNigeria, The Impact of e-Democracy in Political Stability of Nigeria, Deregulation Policy and Development in Nigeria: The Petroleum Sector Experience, 1999-2014, CLOUD COMPUTING AND E-GOVERNANCE: CURRENT ISSUES AND DEVELOPMENTS, IMPERATIVE OF ETHICS TRAINING IN ORGANISATIONS, ATTAINING A BETTER PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY THROUGH E-GOVERNANCE ADOPTION IN NIGERIA, Staff Training and Organizational Goals Attainment: A Study of Airtel Nigeria Networks, Public Administration: A Conceptual Perspective, Accountability for Sustainable Development and the Challenges of Leadership in Nigeria, 1999-2015, Electronic governance platform: towards overcoming the challenges of non-inclusion of citizens in public policy formulation and implementation in Nigeria. Being Pregnant in Post-Colonial Nigeria. What is important to note about these themes is that they were overlapping and reoccurring throughout the late half … Post-Colonial Nigeria: Nexus between Politics and Law As stated earlier, this paper focuses on two level of analysis one of which the constitution and politics. Nigeria as it is today came into existence in 1914, when Lord Frederick Lugard amalgamated the north and south protectorates into a single entity. Also, do you really think that Nigeria would be a united country without some help from the British Empire? These struggles led to the formation of different women’s unions and societies to address the issues  women faced through nationalization and into the postcolonial era. Post-Colonial Nigeria: Power and Politics in the First Republic, 1960-66. in postcolonial Nigeria is alarming, particularly during the 1988 koko toxic dump era. 2003. History. Britain annexed Lagos in 1861 and established the Oil River Protectorate in 1884. Post-Colonial Nigeria: Power and Politics in the First Republic, 1960-66, Understanding Government and Politics in Nigeria. Protests against water fees in Lagos, encouraged by nationalistic journalism of Herbert Macaulay. The British Governors decided the fate of the nation without consulting the people of Nigeria. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. It's okay for males to have more than one wife, which is called Polygamy. 2012. In precolonial Nigeria, males were seen as the stronger sex. This system represented the backdrop to the post-World War II move to create an independent Nigeria and represented the framework for relationships between all Nigerians … Nigeria’s potential in the Post-Colonial Era Nigeria became an independent state on the October 1, 1960 after being a British colony for over 40 years. While the actual disparities between the various Nigerian groups was education and/or economic opportunity, conflicting “ethnic”, “regional” and “religious” identities became enshrined by the colonial apparatus, creating a sharp series of political divides (Anthony 2002, 34). Roles of Males in Pre-Colonial Nigeria. However, Nigeria’s most diverse feature is its people. In considering relationships between politics and law, it is best to consider separately relations from politics to law and vice versa. Reinventing Traditional Aesthetics, Arts and Visual Culture in Post-Colonial Nigeria Introduction Traditional Nigerian arts and visual culture has been greatly altered as a result of enculturation facilitated by colonial western influence. Africa since 1940: The Past of the Present. and G.R. 1908: German-owned Nigerian Bitumen Company began searching for petroleum off coast. This approach brings to the fore the convergent rather than divergent elements capable of promoting peaceful co-existence among post-colonial Nigerians. Postcolonial Political and Religious Rule. Colonial Nigeria was the era in the History of Nigeria when the region of West Africa was ruled by the United Kingdom from the mid-nineteenth century until 1960 when Nigeria achieved independence. ( Log Out /  In constitutional making process, politics obviously has a relationship to law. Pre-and-Post Colonial Igbo Culture Religion. History. Nigeria has a long history of violation of human rights. Interview with Humphrey Nwosu- How the June 12, 1993 Presidential Election Was Annuled. Show full text. Material-Nr. In Pre Colonial Era in Nigeria, Igbo people believed in Odinani. Taylor and Francis Ltd. Cooper, Frederick. Figure 5 – Ogoni Protesters- http://crossedcrocodiles.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/ogonidemo1999.jpg. Costa, Antonio. Some of these tribes do not like themselves and are even constantly trying to gain independenc… Rather than simply organizing a chronological analysis of post-colonial Nigeria, it is more helpful to identify key themes of the “Gatekeeper state” in relation to the historical backdrop of the country and several key events in the late 20 th century (Cooper 2002, 173-174). Bray, T.M. Falola, Toyin. Jan. 26, 2021. Last Modified 2013.  http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/nigerias-corruption-busters.html. Post-Colonial Era of Nigerian History. Gender Roles in Pre-Colonial and Post-Colonial Nigeria By: Elisa Soto & Damiana Torrez. Before the colonial period, the area which comprises modern Nigeria had an eventful history. Colonialism is a major feature of the economic history of Nigeria. Past archaeological digs have uncovered the fairly advanced li… a month ago read comments by Nkem Ikeke. This pattern was broken by the election of Olusegun Obasanjo in 1999, and while far from perfect, was certainly a step in the direction towards democratization (Ibid, 174). In the colonial era the British educational policy did not address the aspirations of the people leading to a clamour for change in the post-independence era resulting in the first indigenous National Policy on Education in 1977. Aus der Reihe School-Scout - aktuell für den Englischunterricht. Educational Policy in Nigeria Educational Policy in Nigeria from the Colonial Era to the Post-Independence Period Introduction Educational policy in Nigeria has passed through two significant stages, the colonial and post independence eras. Nigeria has been pushed hither and thither by recurrent crises of region… Nigeria has a diverse geography, with climates ranging from arid to humid equatorial. 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